Field of study: Defectology (by the type of activity)

Subject / module code

OAVF 1306

Academic year

202 4 -202 5

Semester

3

Credits

6

Fan / module type

Mandatory

Language of instruction

Uzbek

Weekly class hours

5

1.

Name of science

Auditory training (hours)

Independent learning

(hour)

Total load

(hour)

Human anatomy and physiology

75

105

180

2.

I. Science content

The subject of "Human Anatomy and Physiology" studies the structure, functions, structure, growth, and development of the human body, organs, and organ systems. It consists of teaching about cells and tissues, bones and their structure, connections, muscles, respiration, digestion, excretion, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the vascular system, and other systems.

The goal of teaching the subject is to teach students the theoretical foundations of knowledge in the field of human anatomy and physiology, basic concepts, the structure and development of the human body, the phylogenesis of the system, and the interconnected functions of organs and organ systems.

Science task – theoretical knowledge, practical skills, knowledge of the laws of formation and phylogenesis of the human body, and the essence of categories.

2. Home theoretical part ( report )​ ( training )​

3rd semester

1. 1. 1. Topic: Introduction to the subject of "Human Anatomy and Physiology" .

The development and history of the science of "Human Anatomy and Physiology" . The goals and objectives of the science. The place of the science of "Human Anatomy and Physiology" in the system of other sciences. The contribution of Uzbek scientists to the development of science. The cells, tissues, organs of the human body , the origin of man.

Topic 2. Osteology .

General description. Introduction to the bones of the skeleton using Uzbek and Latin terms adopted in anatomy. Sections of osteology. Bone structure, embryonic and phylogenetic development.

Topic 3. Structure of the body skeleton

The bones of the spine and the joints of the bones . The structure and period of the chest - the sternum, ribs . Changes . Structure and formation of the coccyx . Bones of the shoulder girdle. The humerus, scapula and their joints. Bones of the free part of the arm: the humerus, the forearm and the ulna. Bones of the hand and their anatomical features. Bones of the free part of the leg: the bones of the ankle and their joints. Bones of the ankle - the pelvis , the ilium, the cast and the fibula. Femur. The bones of the shin. The bones of the foot. The skeleton of the head. Bones of the skull - even, odd bones: the occiput, the forehead, the crown, Temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones. Brain bones. Facial bones.

Topic 4 .  Structure of the body skeleton

The bones of the spine and the joints of the bones . The structure and period of the chest - the sternum, ribs . Changes . Structure and formation of the coccyx . Bones of the shoulder girdle. The humerus, scapula and their joints. Bones of the free part of the arm: the humerus, the forearm and the ulna. Bones of the hand and their anatomical features. Bones of the free part of the leg: the bones of the ankle and their joints. Bones of the ankle - the pelvis , the ilium, the cast and the fibula. Femur. The bones of the shin. The bones of the foot. The skeleton of the head. Bones of the skull - even, odd bones: the occiput, the forehead, the crown, Temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones. Brain bones. Facial bones.

5 : Syndesmology

General description. The union of bones. Synarthroses, diarthroses and symphyses. The union of the bones of the trunk skeleton. The union of the bones of the legs and arms skeleton. The union of the bones of the skull skeleton.

6 - Subject : Myology

General description. Phylogenesis of muscle tissue. Chemical composition, mechanical, morphological structure of muscle tissue. Division of muscles according to morphological and physiological features: 1) skeletal muscles, 2) smooth muscles, 3) cardiac muscles. The structure and function of fascia, tendons, aponeuroses . Synergist and antagonist muscles. Muscle shape. Back muscles of the body: trapezius muscle, latissimus dorsi muscle, rhomboid muscle, levator scapulae. Pectoral muscles: pectoralis major and minor muscles. Abdominal muscles: external oblique muscle, internal oblique muscle, transverse and rectus muscle. Mimic or facial muscles.

7 - Subject : Myology

General description. Phylogenesis of muscle tissue. Chemical composition, mechanical, morphological structure of muscle tissue. Division of muscles according to morphological and physiological features: 1) skeletal muscles, 2) smooth muscles, 3) cardiac muscles. The structure and function of fascia, tendons, aponeuroses . Synergist and antagonist muscles. Muscle shape. Back muscles of the body: trapezius muscle, latissimus dorsi muscle, rhomboid muscle, levator scapulae. Pectoral muscles: pectoralis major and minor muscles. Abdominal muscles: external oblique muscle, internal oblique muscle, transverse and rectus muscle. Mimic or facial muscles.

8- topic : Structure of the digestive organs

General description . Embryogenesis of the digestive system; its function, topography of organs. Structure of the oral cavity, tongue. Structure of permanent and deciduous teeth. Structure of the salivary glands. Structure of the larynx. Structure of the esophagus. Structure of the stomach. Structure of the small intestine and large intestine.

9- topic : Structure of the digestive organs

General description . Embryogenesis of the digestive system; its function, topography of organs. Structure of the oral cavity, tongue. Structure of permanent and deciduous teeth. Structure of the salivary glands. Structure of the larynx. Structure of the esophagus. Structure of the stomach. Structure of the small intestine and large intestine.

Topic 10. Structure of the digestive glands

Structure, topography of the liver, structure of the gallbladder and pancreas.

Topic 11. Structure of the respiratory system .

General description of the respiratory system. Structure of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Structure of the larynx. Structure of the trachea. Structure of the bronchi. Structure of the lungs. Structure of the pleura.

Topic 12. Structure of the respiratory system .

General description of the respiratory system. Structure of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Structure of the larynx. Structure of the trachea. Structure of the bronchi. Structure of the lungs. Structure of the pleura.

Topic 13. Subtraction system

 General description. Development of the excretory organs. Structure of the kidneys. Structure of the urinary tract. Structure of the urinary bladder. Structure of the urethra.

Topic 14. Genital system.

General description. Development of the genitals Male and female genitals: testicles, ovaries, testicles, prostate gland, uterus, external genitalia.

15. Endocrine system .

General description. Structure and hormones of the pituitary gland. Structure of the thyroid gland, pineal gland, adrenal glands, endocrine part of the pancreas and gonads.

Topic 16. Endocrine system .

General description. Structure and hormones of the pituitary gland. Structure of the thyroid gland, pineal gland, adrenal glands, endocrine part of the pancreas and gonads.

Topic 17. Vascular system .

General description. The heart and its structure. The main cardiac arteries and veins. Arteries and veins of the circulatory system.

Topic 18. Structure of the large and small circles of blood circulation

Arteries and veins of the large and small circulatory system. Lymphatic system - main vessels. Lymph fluid and the function of the lymphatic system.

1 Topic 9. The structure of the large and small circles of blood circulation

Arteries and veins of the large and small circulatory system. Lymphatic system - main vessels. Lymph fluid and the function of the lymphatic system.

Topic 20. Nervous system

General description. Central part, spinal cord, its structure. Cerebrum. Mesentery, diencephalon, cerebellum, midbrain and interneuron, spinal cord. Somatic and autonomic nervous system of the nervous system. Somatic nervous system, innervation, independent functioning of the autonomic nervous system.

Topic 21. Nervous system

General description. Central part, spinal cord, its structure. Cerebrum. Mesentery, diencephalon, cerebellum, midbrain and interneuron, spinal cord. Somatic and autonomic nervous system of the nervous system. Somatic nervous system, innervation, independent functioning of the autonomic nervous system.

Topic 22. Structure of analyzers

Hearing, vision and sensory organs: auditory organs, external, middle and inner ears. Eye organs: cornea, iris, ciliary body, vitreous body, retina, choroid, sclera and optic nerve. Sensory organs: skin analyzers, morphological and microscopic structure of the skin, nerve endings.

         Topic 23. Structure of analyzers

Hearing, vision and sensory organs: auditory organs, external, middle and inner ears. Eye organs: cornea, iris, ciliary body, vitreous body, retina, choroid, sclera and optic nerve. Sensory organs: skin analyzers, morphological and microscopic structure of the skin, nerve endings.

Semester 3. Recommended topics for seminar sessions

1. Latin terms in human anatomy. Body structure.

2.Structure , shapes and composition of bones.

3. The skeleton of the head, torso, and limbs.

4. Bone fusion

5. Structure and shapes of muscles

6. Structure of the digestive system

7. Respiratory system. Nasal cavity, larynx, larynx, trachea, lungs and bronchi

8. Structure of the kidneys. Urinary tract and bladder

9. Structure of endocrine glands .

10. Blood composition. Formed elements of blood

11. Structure of blood vessels. Structure of the heart. Circulatory system

12. Structure of nerve cells and nerve fibers

13. Structure of the brain and spinal cord

14. Structure of the visual and auditory analyzer

15. Structure of the sense of smell, taste, and skin analyzer